Voice Recognition Technology
Voice recognition differs from most other biometric models in that it uses acoustic information instead of images. Each individual has a unique set of voice characteristics that are difficult to imitate. Human speech varies based on physiological features such as the size and shape of an individual’s lips, nasal cavity, vocal chords, and mouth Voice. Voice recognition systems are extremely well-suited for verifying user access over a telephone. It can be also called as Voice Print recognition.
Acoustic Signal before transferring into digital code
Recognition involves taking the acoustic signal of a person’s voice and converting it to a unique digital code that can be stored in a template. Voice biometrics use three types of speaker verification:
- Text dependent
- Text prompted
- Text independent
Text dependent
Text-dependent verification compares a prompted phrase, such as an account number or a spoken name, to a prerecorded copy of that phrase stored in a database. This form of verification is frequently used in such applications as voice-activated dialing in cell phones and bank transactions conducted over a phone system.
Text prompted
Text-prompted verification provides the best alternative for high-risk systems. In this case, a system requests multiple random phrases from a user to reduce the risk of tape-recorded fraud. The main drawback to this verification process is the amount of time and space needed to create a new user on the system. This procedure is often used to monitor criminals who are under home surveillance or in community-release programs.
Text independent
Text-independent verification is the most difficult of the three types of voice recognition because nothing is asked of the user. Anything spoken by the user can be used to verify authenticity, a process which can make the authentication process virtually invisible to the user.
Voice Recognition
Advantages:
- Voice recognition has an advantage over other biometrics in that voice data can be transmitted over phone lines, a feature that lends to its widespread use in such areas as security, fraud prevention, and monitoring.
- Voice recognition has shown success rates as high as 98%.
Disadvantages:
- It consumes a fairly large byte code.
- People’s voices can change and so this cannot be more accurate. (for example, when they are sick or in extreme emotional states).
- Phrases can be misspoken and background noises can interfere with the system.
- Voices are made up entirely of sound waves. When transmitted over analog phone lines these waves tend to become distorted. Current technologies can reduce noise and feedback, but these problems cannot be entirely eliminated.
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